Safety for Women - 3738 Words

Safety Issues for Women Traveling Solo Stay Safe But Don’t Stay Home By Zahara Heckscher Zaraha Heckscher(left) with a Musonda friend in Zambia from Safety Issues for Women Traveling Solo: Stay Safe But Don’t Stay Home. Women are frequently warned about independent international travel. Unfortunately, it is true that women are much more likely than men to be the victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault. In virtually every country I have visited I heard from female travelers and volunteers who had been subjected to frequent come-ons, unwanted touching, or inappropriate comments, in the words of one Peace Corps volunteer. Harassment and assault range from verbal harassment, to crude propositions, to groping (especially by men in†¦show more content†¦(In India, a toe ring on your second toe means you’re not available.) Many volunteers learn strategies from local women. In Mexico, for example, women often sit together, even if they don’t know each other. Other tips, in the words of previous travelers, include: †¢ Be careful about letting your guard down while on vacation. †¢ Travel with a group at night. †¢ Before you leave home, talk to other women who have traveled in the countries you plan to visit. †¢ The in-country program director cautioned us against looking or staring at the men for too long at a time; this could be misinterpreted since the women in the local villages were taught not to make eye contact with the men. †¢ Be ready to give up some freedoms that you are used to at home. †¢ Females must take care with their dealings with any male older than 14 and younger than 75. I was often misunderstood at first and didn’t realize that plain speaking and looking at a man directly when speaking to him could be misinterpreted as flirting. I learned quickly to be very formal and to always involve several people in any conversation. †¢ Don’t be afraid to ask about the security situation where you are posted and find out about any prior in cidents that may have occurred in the area. †¢ When it comes to your life, you can’t be too cautious. No matter what you do or don’t do, remember that it is not your fault if you are assaulted. If you are raped or assaulted, it is mostShow MoreRelatedDrug Safety in Pregnant Women and Their Babies1979 Words   |  8 Pagesirreversible (Ford-Jones, Kellner, 1995). †¢ Tobacco There are three different ways in which a fetus can be exposed to smoke 1) if the mother smokes, 2) ingesting tobacco, and 3) second hand smoke. According to statistics a minimum of 10% of U.S. women smoke during pregnancy (Brent, Beckman, 1990). When a pregnant woman smokes she’s not only hurting herself and her baby but she is also putting the placenta at risk. Furthermore, when a pregnant woman smokes there is a high risk of the placenta notRead MoreHistory And Safety Regulations Of Ancient Egyptian Women1577 Words   |  7 Pagesnatural and necessary process that has been occurring since human beings can remember. Because of this necessary process, forms of sanitary protection have been concocted to meet the needs of women to care for themselves during their menstrual bleeding period. There have been numerous approaches used by women from all over the world and over the years. Of the numerous materials, used to collect and dispose of menstrual waste, two have remained mo st popular, the pad and the tampon. While many mightRead MoreGps, Gsm And Zapper Circuit Based Women Safety System1856 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Women’s security is a critical issue in today’s world and it’s very much needed for every individual to be acting over such an issue. This paper describes a â€Å"GPS, GSM and Zapper Circuit based women safety system† that provides the combination of GPS device specialized to track the location as well as provide alerts and messages with an emergency button trigger. It also contains shock mechanism to produce non-lethal electric shock in emergency situation. Our endeavour behind this paper isRead MorePlanned Parenthood And Its Impact On Women s Health And Safety And The Basic Human Rights1467 Words   |  6 PagesParenthood has vowed in their mission statement: â€Å"Together with a staff of experts in medicine, sexual health, advocacy, communications, and law, these leaders offer a robust vision and common sense solutions designed to protect women’s health and safety and the basic human rights of us all.†(â€Å"Our Leadership† par. 2) In overview, Planned Parenthood is an underappreciated healthcare resource that has helped terminate/prevent unwanted pregnancy, contributed to vital medical research, and educated personsRead MorePlanned Parenthood And Its Impact On Women s Health And Safety And The Basic Human Rights1467 Words   |  6 PagesParenthood has vowed in their mission statement: â€Å"Together with a staff of experts in medicine, sexual health, advocacy, communications, and law, these leaders offer a robust vision and common sense solutions designed to protect women’s health and safety and the basic human rights of us all.†(â€Å"Our Leadership† par. 2) In overview, Planned Parenthood is an underappreciated healthcare resource that has helped terminate/prevent unwanted pregnancy, contributed to vital medical research, and educated personsRead MoreDomestic Violence As A Victim Of Domestic Abuse1686 Words   |  7 Pageswomen’s safety by modifying and coordinating the â€Å"procedures, practices, and discernments† of the involved parties of domestic violence cases, such as law enforcement, the judicial system, and one’s community, â€Å"in relation to battering and battered women† (Dasgupta, p. 986). The Duluth program is currently used in all 50 states and 7 countries (Gondolf, p. 992). Overall, the Duluth program has three main aspects: The Power and Control Wheel, The Dialogical Format, and the concentration on women andRead MoreThe Round House By Louise Erdrich1352 Words   |  6 Pagesinjustice led to the erosion of Indians’ rights, which has ultimately threatened their safety, especially wo men’s. In Louise Erdrich’s novel, The Round House, she indicates that understanding the lack of safety Native women face is vital in maintaining a civil community. Louise Erdrich reveals that physical and psychological safeties are essential aspects of society. Through her book, Erdrich expresses that safety should be a common law amongst society, no matter how difficult it may be to protectRead MoreTreatment Of Veterans With Suds And Co Occurring Psychiatric Disorders Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pageshad a goal of getting clinicians to accept Seeking Safety and evaluate its efficacy when treating veterans, in hopes of bridging the gap of parallel services at the VA to treat comorbid SUD-PTSD. This study reinforced the old ways of cannot teach an old dog new tricks because of how difficult it is to influence clinician behavior in routine medical care. A more passive approach was taken via a daylong interactive staff training in Seeking Safety, where clinicians were i nformally surveyed on theirRead MoreFactors Of Jaffna Cycling978 Words   |  4 PagesJaffna cyclists experiences cycling as something negative. From the Jaffna cyclists, 67% associated cycling with joy. The relation found was that positive emotions have a positive effect on the experience of safety and negative emotions have a negative influence on the experience of safety of the respondent. 4.2.2 Habits Habit can be defined as repeating actions of past behavioral things in a series time intervals. It is about something that people do often and regularly, sometimes without knowingRead MoreModernization And Western Cultural Values On The Social Status1666 Words   |  7 Pagesthe (1) social status and (2) economic status of â€Å"Third World† women during the colonial period. (400-500 words) 5 points 1. The results of modernization and western cultural values on the social status and economic status in â€Å"Third World† women can be greatly attributed and resulted from colonialism, industrialization, and economic and political system have resulted in the status of women. Men were drawn into the labor force and women were relegated to domestic work and jobs that are not substantial

The Ideals and Philosophies of William Edward Burghardt Du...

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868, in Massachusetts where he stayed to earn his Ph. D in History. Although growing up in the more tolerant North, Du Bois realized, at an early age, skin color will always be an issue. His dedication and love of learning empowered him with the feeling that through education it would one day be possible to breach the color line. His position as a Harvard graduate and his love for education meant that he was able to travel throughout the country to study exactly what the United States are even writing that he â€Å"touched the very shadow of slavery† (Monteiro 2010). He gained invaluable knowledge and with this he began to teach what he had learned. Immediately he began†¦show more content†¦Second, develop an intellectualist black culture. By doing these two things, African Americans would be able to slowly undo the scar of slavery that perforates American life. According to Du Bois, capitalism â€Å"i s doomed to self-destruction†¦.communism†¦.this is the only way of human life† (Monteiro 2010). He applauds the fact that capitalism has brought jobs to the African American Southern population; however, upon closer inspection, these jobs prevent their culture and influence from spreading. A typical black Southern worker could expect to work longer hours and receive less pay than their white counterparts. They were given the dirtier and more dangerous jobs as well. There was almost no room for promotions and they lived with the constant fear of being fired. Simply put, the rich, white elite have use capitalism create a new type of slavery: financial slavery which has been failing the Blackman. After writing â€Å"capitalists pay some workers enough to subsist on, but capitalists also pay many more workers less than what they need for survival,† (Rosenthal 2002) he determined the African American community would need to create its own system of ethnic bas ed communism. Communism, for the African Americans in the United States, would be the answer to capitalism’s failures and it would allow â€Å"blacks to start businesses and industries that would allow blacks to advance themselves economically† (Franceschi 2000). Du Bois did not argue for full scaleShow MoreRelatedEssay about W.e.b Du Bois1004 Words   |  5 Pages W.E.B Du Bois nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;One ever feels his two-ness. An American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two warring ideals in one dark body whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.quot; This was how William E. B. Du Bois described how it felt to be a Negro in the beginning of the twentieth century in his book The Souls of Black Folk. W.E.B. Du Bois, was a black editor, historian, sociologist, and a leader of the civil rights movement in the United StatesRead MoreReconstruction Failed For African Americans1112 Words   |  5 Pagestwentieth century, visionaries such as Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey recognized the urgent need for change. These great leaders were in agreement that action was required to uplift the African American race. However, their philosophies on how to approach it were vastly different. Born a slave on a Virginia farm, Booker Taliaferro Washington (1856-1915) rose to become one of the most influential African-American intellectuals of the late 19th century. He was nine years old whenRead MoreB. Du Bois1593 Words   |  7 Pagesforgotten name that is not brought up in these discussions is W.E.B. Du Bois. An author, speaker, teacher, protester, sociologist, historian, certainly a renaissance man in the truest sense of the phrase. As an author, many of his writings have been very influential, from the time they were released and still to this day. As a speaker, Du Bois was often outspoken and made it a point to be clear where he stood on an issue. Du Bois the teacher was a very intelligent man who was growing into his viewsRead MoreEssay on Comparing W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington1350 Words   |  6 Pages W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T Washington had very different views about their culture and country. Du Bois, being born in the North and studying in Europe, was fascinated with the idea of Socialism and Communism. Booker T Washington, on the other hand, was born in the South, and like so many others, had a Black mother and a White father. Thus being born half-white, his views and ideas were sometimes not in the best interest of his people. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born on FebruaryRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1292 Words   |  6 PagesTheological Stage This stage is when the religion is dominate Metaphysical Stage This stage is when abstract speculative thinking is most prominent Positivist Stage This stage is the scientific stage Comte- Major Works 6 volume course of Positive Philosophy (1830-1842) Comte argued how society operated by its own set of laws. System of positive Polity (1851-1854) Religion of Humanity(1856) Who is Karl Marx Born: May 5, 1818 in Trier, Prussia Death: March 14, 1883 due to cancer Became the editorRead MoreEssay William Edward Burghardt Du Bois or W.E.B. Du Bois3534 Words   |  15 PagesWilliam Edward Burghardt Du Bois or W.E.B. Du Bois William Edward Burghardt Du Bois – known simply as W.E.B. – was 83 when the government indicted him as a foreign agent in 1951. The only crime he had committed, however, was circulating the Stockholm Appeal, which said any government to use an atomic weapon against another country should be treated as a war criminal. After spending six months in disgrace and paying $35,150 for his defense, the government dismissed its case against him. TheRead More Invisable Man - Black Leaders Essay2124 Words   |  9 Pagesadvancement. A man who strayed more on the middle path was W.E.B. Du Bois. He was less militant than Marcus Garvey but was more so than Booker T. Washington. Ellison uses characters from the novel to represent these men. Marcus Garvey is fictionalized as Ras the Exhorter. Booker T. Washington is given voice by the Reverend Barbee. W.E.B. Du Bois is never directly mentioned in the novel. However, the actions and thoughts of W.E.B. Du Bois are very similar to that of the narrator. While all three men wereRead MoreW.E.B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington2991 Words   |  12 Pagestwentieth-century African-American thought, Du Bois was the inspiration for the literary movement known as the Harlem Renaissance. As a co-founder of the NAACP and the long-time editor of its magazine The Crisis, Du Bois nurtured and promoted many young and talented African-Americans. Underlying his controversial notion of the talented tenth, was his belief that true integration will happen when selected blacks excel in the literature and the fine arts. William Edward Burghardt DuBois, to his admirers, was

System Security Essay Research Paper System Security free essay sample

System Security Essay, Research Paper System Security System security is the sum of protection against unanticipated events, which might do the system to neglect. The sum of security in a given system depends upon the value of the information contained within the system. As the information becomes more valuable, the sum of money spent on protecting the information besides increases. An illustration of this would be person maintaining their valuables in a place fire safe whereas a bank might maintain their valuables in a time-controlled vault. Data security is the protection of informations through exigency recovery programs and the controlling of terminal user privileges. This is the existent care of the informations itself. Through exigency recovery programs, informations is protected from natural catastrophes and hardware failures. An exigency recovery program should include a regular agenda for back-ups to be made of the system informations. It should besides let for big catastrophes sometimes referred to as Acts of t he Apostless of God. Recovery plans allow for these catastrophes by holding a back-up that is located off-site. This means that if the edifice collapsed in an temblor, there would still be a transcript of the system informations at a site that wasn t effected. Now to be truly effectual the back-ups have to be maintained on a regular basis. This manner there isn T excessively much lost informations when the back-up is restored as the chief system. The back-ups should be maintained at a certain regular agenda and several back-ups should be maintained. This allows for informations corruptness. If the information was corrupted before the last back-up was run so that back-up would besides incorporate the mistakes. By maintaining multiple back-ups, the system can be restored from a old back-up that hadn T had a opportunity to go corrupted yet. Another signifier of informations security is the commanding of user privileges. Operating systems such as Novel NetWare and Unix allow for the controlling of single us ers entree to files and directories. By leting merely authorised users entree to sensitive files, the system can be more to the full protected against malicious usage of the informations or from mistakes caused from incompetency. In commanding the users on a system attention should be taken in the assignment of watchwords. Passwords should incorporate letters and at least one figure or particular character. If at all possible, watchwords shouldn t be names or standard dictionary words. Passwords aren t effectual if they can be guessed in any little sum of clip. Last if there is any uncertainty on the security a watchword offers, alteration it frequently. This technique makes it much harder for an unauthorised user to derive entree more than one time. A system should besides be protected from out-side beginnings that needfully are non straight related to the users of the system. Protection from outside onslaughts is progressively more of import in our electronic commercialism communi ty. Any information transportation, which takes topographic point outside of a corporate web, is free game for whoever wants to seek and read it. Encryption Encryption is the reply that has been developed to protect information from eyes that were neer meant to see it. Codes and cyphers have been around for 100s of old ages. The secret decipherer ring is a authoritative illustration of a simple codification. Each missive of the alphabet is replaced by an beginning. In this scenario A would be C and B is replaced by D, and so on. This allows for the sending of an indecipherable message that can be decoded by the individual that knows the proper beginning. When a line of text is in normal clear signifier it is considered to be plaintext. Once plaintext is encrypted it becomes ciphertext. The ciphertext produced by present encoding criterions follows the same thought as the decipherer ring but the algorithms involved are much more complex. Now in today s universe a simple cypher couldn T protect sensitive informations with any step of existent security. There have come about several different attacks to how informations is encrypted. They by and large fall into two classs normal encoding and public-key encoding. In a standard encoding scheme the message is encrypted with a certain cardinal word that the receiving system of the message needs to cognize to decode the message. In public-key encoding the key used to code the message is different from the key used to decode the message. This scenario allows one of the keys to go public. In this manner the transmitter can code a message to his friend, utilizing the friends public-key, and there would be no demand for any other contact between them for the friend to read the message. This was a job with standard encoding because the channel used to direct the key to the receiver would hold to be unafraid otherwise there would be no ground to utilize encoding. It s interesting to observe that when utilizing public-key en coding to direct an encrypted message, the transmitter can t read his ain message once it has been encrypted. The lone individual who is able to read the message is the receiving system. Due to the fact that the receiving system is the lone 1 who knows the secret key needed to decode the message. DES or Data Encryption Standard is one of the popular computing machine encoding algorithms in usage today. It is an international criterion that has been around since the 1970 s. It was created to let different companies to make coding devices that would be able to work together. Another advantage of the Data Encryption Standard was that it was tested to be secure. The testing of the algorithm was accomplished by seeking to interrupt the codification with a great sum of resources. This algorithm passed the National Security Agencies proving procedure and they deemed it secure. DES has since been used for a figure of authorities communicating links and informations storage. Within the past decennary it has become portion of many commercial security applications. This type of encoding is a one cardinal signifier of encoding, which means the channel for the key has to be unafraid and that the same key is used for decoding. More applications are traveling towards the usage of RSA encoding. RSA was named utilizing the initials of its Godheads Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman. RSA is a public-key encoding algorithm. RSA gets its security from the trouble of factoring big Numberss. The public and private keys are maps of a brace of big ( 100 to 200 figures or even larger ) premier Numberss. Recovering the plaintext from the public-key and the ciphertext is conjectured to be tantamount to factoring the merchandise of the two primes. 1 An of import portion of RSA encoding is that the keys can besides be used to authenticate a message. The encrypted public-key can be used as a signature for the individual who sent the message. The most recent usage of encoding engineerings has been to protect concern minutess across the Internet. More to the point minutess through a World Wide Web based medium. SSL or Secure Sockets Layer is a protocol that was designed by Netscape to supply security during the transmittal of sensitive informations over the Internet. It uses the RSA encoding algorithm to protect informations that is transferred between the browser on your place Personal computer and the waiter of the Web site. The cardinal length for the encoding algorithm controls how strong or weak the codification is to interrupt and besides the velocity at which the codification can be decrypted with the key. If you of all time bought anything online you might hold noticed that it takes a small longer for the page to lade up when utilizing a unafraid connexion. Although SSL is reasonably unafraid som e step of cautiousness should be used when directing information across secure channels. The cardinal length for any waiter outside the U.S. and Canada is limited to 56 spots or less. The RSA algorithm is able to be broken at that degree. Within the boundary lines of the U.S. and Canada the cardinal size is limited to 128 spots. With adequate calculating power this is besides able to be broken but it would take much longer than a fifty-six spot cardinal. With encoding it frequently comes down to the velocity at which the algorithm works weighed against the length of clip the informations demands to be protected. I might non hold to online banking or stock trades over SSL but I might buy things with my recognition card. The sum of harm that person could make to you, by geting informations about you should be taken into history when carry oning minutess online. The whole ground that informations should be encrypted across webs is due to the fact that merely about any system decision maker can see informations that passes through his system. The Internet is merely a web of webs, and all along the way between you and the waiter you re pass oning with, there could be person listening. This eves-dropping on web traffic is by and large referred to as whiffing. When information is sent across the Internet it is broken down into cuttable pieces called packages. Now the packages each have the reference they re seeking to acquire to and the order in which they re supposed to be read in, encoded on them. Each single package will happen its ain manner between you and the web site you re surfing. If someplace along that line person makes a transcript of a package or two, of yours, they might be able to happen out information that you don t want them to cognize. This technique has been used to derive entree to systems by whiffing usernames and watchword s off the web. It has besides found some promotion in persons individualities being stolen and immense debts being run up on their recognition cards. Sniffing tools have been developed for the intents of debugging web constellations and such. There is ever traveling to be the ability for a malicious individual to have information that wasn T intended for them. Due to this ability, it reinforces the importance that strong encoding has on Internet commercialism and the importance that it will go on to hold into the hereafter. Firewalls Other than information that is going outside the corporate Intranet there isn T excessively much concern about web security. Many corporations are puting up filtrating routers or Unix hosts that filter the web traffic coming into their system. This method of filtrating web traffic is called a firewall. A firewall is a combination of hardware and package constituents that provide a choking coil point between a sure web and an untrusted web such as the In ternet. The firewall provides a certain degree of control as to what can travel between the two webs. 2 As sniffing can be used maliciously by an aggressor, it has besides started to go a tool used by corporations to supervise traffic flow across their webs. Corporations have been seeking to cut back on web surfboarding by employees and immaterial electronic mails. The entree to the Internet has been, counter productive to some employees. The firewall provides an first-class point for web monitoring to take topographic point. By supervising the web traffic the corporation can be certain that the employees aren t blowing clip or downloading anything that might be unsafe to the system. Recently there has been a panic about a macro virus named Melissa. A computing machine virus is a plan that, when executed, attempts to double itself. They by and large either infect the boot record of a disc or attach themselves to some sort of feasible file. In this mode they have ample chance to be e xecuted. The Melissa virus was a Microsoft Office Macro that was designed to distribute utilizing the names in the victims Outlook reference book. It would e-mail itself to the first 50 entries where one time opened by the receivers, it would get down the procedure over once more. The computing machine virus can do large losingss in productiveness from downed systems and corrupted informations. For the virus to double it tries to copy itself to a new location and in making so can do informations to be over written. In systems that are Unix based there isn T excessively much of a job with viruses. The design of the operating system doesn t give plans the freedom to roll every bit much as the Personal computer architecture does. On Windows based machines there should be a current virus scanner running, to assist maintain virus losingss to a lower limit. The scanner should besides be updated reasonably on a regular basis. By taking some preventive stairss in progress your system can be more dependable and less likely to give you jobs. Some aggressors have besides begun constructing their ain web packages to acquire by the firewalls. An Internet Protocol package can be designed to be beginning routed, which means the beginning gives the waies on how to acquire to the finish. By utilizing beginning routed packages some aggressors have been able to by base on balls a firewall. The bulk of firewall bundles have now accounted for this, so that if a package is beginning routed it will automatically be filtered. The best protection a system can hold is an cognizant system decision maker. The U.S. Department of Energy has an advisory called CIAC ( Computer Incident Advisory Capability ) . This consultative keeps path of freshly discovered package or constellation mistakes, which might let an unauthorised individual, to derive entree to your system. There is besides the CERT ( Computer Emergency Response Team ) which besides puts out advisories covering system security co ncerns. These advisories should be checked reasonably frequently. Besides look intoing the advisories a system decision maker should hold some type of logging set up on their system. Unix systems have this already built in and plus there is a plan called tripwire which gives some excess logging and checksum functionality. The logs show things such as failed login efforts and system mistakes. Tripwire is used besides to log port connexions and to forestall the interpolation of Trojans on to the system. Dardans are plans that look like they do one thing but really do something else, normally to derive entree to a system. Tripwire protects against this by making a byte by byte cheque of all the executables on the system. Even though your system is really unafraid and you check the logs daily there still needs to be physical controls put in topographic point. Physical Controls Physical controls are the last line of defence against an outside onslaught on the system. One of the most freq uently over looked physical controls is to merely put consoles in unafraid countries. Any computing machine terminus should be behind a locked door of some sort. Computers tend to be instead expensive and they tend to walk off by themselves if non within a secure environment. Not excessively reference that an unfastened terminus can give person an anon. point of entry into your system. One of the oldest and still the best physical control is the shredder. Hard transcript is to be shredded. All information that a corporation trades with is in paper signifier at one clip or another so why should one pass so much clip and money on security when they merely take the information and throw it in a Dumpster. In decision information is power and in this universe of databases and webs it is traveling to be of all time more of import to pay attending to the inside informations of how that information changes custodies. 325

Forms of Control Free Sample @Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Task 1 Using two of the four forms of control (Knights and Willmott, 2012) as a framework, use any of the material in Unit 2 to discuss the benefits and challenges of these methods of management. You should also explore the implications these managerial issues provoke in relation to your own practice as a manager or as an employee. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. Task 2 Provide a reflective commentary on the implications of Tony Watsons article for both: Answer: Task 1 The organizational control is an indispensable part of the management system. According to Knights and Willmott, (2012) the management control is defined as the process through which the organization controls and influences the behavior and performance of the members of the organization so as to attain the objectives of the organization. Organization control is an important component in the management function which is responsible to ensure that the goals of organization are achieved and that there are no deviations in the standard performance and actual performance (Hannan, Polos and Carroll 2011). Organization control, according to Miller and Rice (2013) includes the processes that are designed to assure that the plan of the organization and the employees performance are according to the set objectives and are achieved with effective basis. The control process is not the end process rather at every level of the management function management controls is required. Managers monitor a nd evaluate the system, process and performances from time to time in all management in finance, operations, marketing, manufacturing, human resources management and serving customers (Kotler 2012). The control system is vital for all these functions to meet the standards and achieve objectives. There are various forms of organizational control and every organization adopts it own controlling methods. Here the essay discusses the four frameworks of organization control given by Knights and Willmott (2012) as direct supervision, bureaucratic procedures, cultural control and output and self regulation. These four frameworks of organizational control have their own relevance in the organization to control various functions and activities. These techniques not just controls the performances but have the motivational techniques to encourage the employees to meet the actual level and standards of performance (Griffin 2013). Here the discussion is on the two factors of organizational control- Bureaucratic Control and Cultural Control. Bureaucracy and Culture are the most important and major topics in organization and management and each of them plays a vital role in motivating, performing and controlling the employees and their actions (Hall and Gotz 2013). The organization control has always been a factor regulated not just by the management but by the employees self regulation, on the contrary, Knights and Willmott (2012) states that the organizational culture regulates the behavior of employees and provide them with the workplace which motivates the employees and help them to achieve their targets. The organization control function must consist of the control mix of bureaucratic control and cultural control and must be implementing by managers effectively (Daft 2012). This would help the organization to achieve an optimal mix of formal control with bureaucratic form and an informal control through cultural form. The performance management, motivation among staff and enhancing corporate culture requires the bure aucratic control in the organization with effective leadership (Miles 2012). The organizational control, bureaucratic control form in the present context in management refers to managing and controlling the performance and output of the employees through punishments and rewards so as to make sure that the employees work performance, output and conduct matches the standards and expectations of senior management to achieve the organizational objectives (Novikov 2013). Bureaucratic control was first introduced in the technical control during and post years of World War II and greatly increased its importance thereafter. Bureaucratic control and the other forms of control system differ in homogenous feature on the organization control that mixes within the structure of the organization itself. On the contrary, Robbins and Coulter (2012) states that the organization structure is dependent on the culture that the organization and its managers follow which refers to the set practices, norms and rules in professional life. According to Schermerhorn (2013) Culture is the form of controlling the employees behavior, sense of belonging and motivation towards performing in organization and providing the stability within the workplace. The main focus of the organization control is to make the employees meet the targets effectively, motivate and perform according to the standards of the organization (Sinnott 2013). The leaders of the company focus on developing the culture controls and the bureaucratic controls creating the social norms, sense of shared values, performance enhancements, punishments, rewards and appraisals within the organization (Burke 2013). Cultural controls include organizations mission statement that employees needs to keep in mind while working, the unwritten social norms, etiquettes, behavior, working ethics, rules and regulations including anti-discrimination policies, standards of conduct and non disclosure agreements, expected work schedules and lastly the deliberate role modeling where new staff is given training to understand and enhance skills and knowledge required at the workplace and career development of existing employees (Thygesen 2012). Hence these are the benefits for the employe es if the organization follows the right process and procedure for cultural and bureaucratic control. The organization structure on the other hand provides the backbone on which the organizations policies and work procedures are built (Simons 2013). The bureaucratic control in an organization thus helps the managers and individuals to build the system of standards in the organization through rules, regulations, methods of process and verifications (Swift 2013). This is the way of ensuring efficient operation in the organization through bureaucratic control. One of the drawbacks in bureaucratic control is, in case the implementation and procedure is not followed properly then there is a possibility of deviation of actual performance with the standard performance (Tracy 2013). The bureaucratic control fails to provide scope for face to face communication and to involve any informal and practical method of enforcing the compliance program. On the contrary the author Knights and Willmott (2012), refers that the bureaucratic control is a centralized form of control within the organization s administrative department where the rule for one individual is same as for the others also. It helps in establishing the hierarchies within the organization so as to communicate all the policies and procedures to all the employees (Ziviani, Poulsen and Cuskelly 2013). Hence, the organizational structure and culture go hand in hand to provide the staff with a workplace. A German Sociologist Max Weber proposed Bureaucratic management first, for promoting the virtue of birthright as alternative to system of monarchy (Hall and Gotz 2013). According to his definition the effective control through bureaucracy is by efficient knowledge. This was to promote the merits, appraisals, recognitions of staff in order to ensure maximum output through utilization of resources of most qualified rather than connected which refers to social norms, relationship building in the organization (Burke 2013). Bureaucratic form of control states the idea of fairness versus favoritism, which increases the efficiency of overall management ensuring accomplishment of the organizations objectives (Daft 2012). According to Miller and Rice (2013) it is the management culture within the organization to built the bureaucratic control that is significant to enhance practices in supervision and provide the logical rules, regulations and policies so that managers easily evaluate any dev iation of actual performance from standard performance. On the other hand Hatch and Cunliffe (2012) argues that these policies, set rules and procedures are effective when the organization follows cultural controls in the workplace and work ethically by obeying all the relevant regulations in management functions. The managers are motivated to work in an ethical and culturally sound organization where the organization makes it possible to sustain all the output and performance of its employees (Hannan, Polos and Carroll 2011). The bureaucratic structure serves the purpose of the organization only when the culture, stability and continuity exist in the organization. Bureaucratic control is regarded as the formal mode of control which measures the performance in relation to behaviors and outcomes (Simons 2013). The managers of the organization idealize the culture of the organization and enhance the cultural control and bureaucratic controls in the organization. The bureaucratic control results in motivation of employees as they know their targets and the ways to achieve them (Clegg 2013). The evaluation of performance by the managers depends on the formal exchange of the written documents and information like the performance reports and operating procedures (Hewison and Holden 2011). The manager in bureaucratic control of organization rewards and punishes in the form of bonuses, pay, incentives and promotions or demotions depending on the employees performance and output. Finally the relationships and roles in the organization between the employees are the subjects to bureaucratic control form in the organization. The model of organization control is of various concepts being it direct supervision, self regulation bureaucratic and cultural control, all includes the methods that focus on enhancing the performance of the employees and achieve the organizational goals. Thus, organization control is an important component in the management function which is responsible to ensure that the goals of organization are achieved and that there are no deviations in the standard performance and actual performance The concepts of cultural control and bureaucratic control are of great relevance for the organization and the managers to control the management functions with effectiveness with underlying rules, policies and procedures. The managers implementing these forms of control in the organization enhance the employees performance, motivate them to achieve the targets and guide them the ways of achieving goals with effectiveness. Task 2 In the article, Motivation: Thats Maslow isnt it? by Tony Watson in 1996 states the organization management theory of motivation, control culture and much more not said by the theorists but by the teachers, professors and the management students (WATSON 1996). The article refers to the reflection of the students and teachers perspectives and the experiment was carried on the business and management. Practically the management of an organization needs to adhere to the principles and theories of the motivation and manage peoples need so that they are motivated to perform for the organization (Hall and Gotz 2013). The knowledge imparted to the students in the university and management courses as per the author recorded to be built on the theoretical aspects of the study and the professors use tape recorders, assignments, text books and presentation for discussing the study materials (Ziviani, Poulsen and Cuskelly 2013). This mainly provoked for the discussion of the topic in the class a nd students are motivated to discuss with all relevant points. The main idea of the article was to know the motivational experiments done by the managers and the teachers in various stages to achieve the results (WATSON 1996). The motivation defined by the author is the main source or the need that helps the individuals to achieve what they want through various means, motivation is different for different people and so are their needs (Swift 2013). The relevance of all the theories theory X and theory Y or the Hierarchy Theory and Mintzberg theory are applied differently by different organizations at different situations (Ziviani, Poulsen and Cuskelly 2013). All the above theories were studied and the article suggested the motivation through the theory of Hierarchy given by Maslow as the different individuals have different level of needs which are mentioned in each level of hierarchy (Hall and Gotz 2013). The culture of the organization management helps the manager to develop and encourage the employees performance and effectiveness (Tracy 2013 ). The managers ensure that the employees get training, career development opportunities in the organization along with performance appraisals, bonus, incentives and promotions that benefits them and fulfill their needs (Hall and Gotz 2013). These are the applied motivational practices by the organizations in various ways that suits their business and the level of employees (WATSON 1996). The motivational learning as the student has been stated with the motivational needs of Physiology that includes the need for food, sleep, breathing and other basic needs, the second need of Safety including morality, family, health and needs of employment as with this need the further needs will get fulfilled when students may get motivated to earn their living (Hall and Gotz 2013). Lastly, the motivation of students for fulfilling their Social needs including belonging with family, friends and partners will make them realize their responsibility and help them to get motivated to achieve the other two needs of Self-esteem where student gets confidence of achieving their target and get placed in an organization, and get respect of others and respect others as well; and Self Actualization needs is achieved at long term set targets (Tracy 2013). The lowest four needs in Maslows Hierarchy theory are known as D-needs (Deficiency Needs) including Physiological, Safety, Social and Self Esteem of which the students aim to fulfill. References Bedford, D.S. and Malmi, T., 2015. Configurations of control: An exploratory analysis. Management Accounting Research, 27, pp.2-26. Burke, W.W., 2013. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Clegg, S., 2013. The Theory of Power and Organization (RLE: Organizations). Routledge. Daft, R., 2012. 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